The
issue of minimizing animal exposure to pain and distress is being
addressed frequently today through the recommendation for consideration
of non-mammalian substitutes, "alternatives," for animal
models. The best known articulation of that concept was by Drs.
W. M. S. Russell and R. L. Burch in Great Britain. The concept
is based on ethical and humane considerations for the animals,
and it is widely known now as the "Three Rs." [reference:
Russell, W.M.S., and R.L, Burch. 1959. Principles of Humane Experimental
Technique. Springfield, Illinois. Charles C. Thomas. 238 pp.]
The
issue of minimizing animal exposure to pain and distress is being
addressed frequently today through the recommendation for consideration
of non-mammalian substitutes, "alternatives," for animal
models. The best known articulation of that concept was by Drs.
W. M. S. Russell and R. L. Burch in Great Britain. The concept
is based on ethical and humane considerations for the animals,
and it is widely known now as the "Three Rs." [reference:
Russell, W.M.S., and R.L, Burch. 1959. Principles of Humane Experimental
Technique. Springfield, Illinois. Charles C. Thomas. 238 pp.]
